CHEMISTRY

Part-A

Unit-1 Water chemistry:

Introduction, hardness of water (its units, its types, its determination by EDTA method using normality equation). Softening of water by lime-soda method, ion-exchange method and zeolite method. Boiler feed water: - causes, disadvantages, preven on and removal of -scale and sludge formation, priming, foaming, caustic embrittlement and boiler corrosion. Different steps for water purification to make it fit for drinking: - sedimentation, filtration, flocculation, sterilization (using chlorine, bleaching powder, chloramines, ozone & UV rays). Desalination of brackish water by electrodialysis and reverse osmosis.

Unit-3 Electrochemistry:

Fundamentals of electrochemistry: - electrode, electrodepotential, electrochemical series, electrochemical cell, its representation. Nernst equation and applications, numerical based on Nernst equation. Different type of electrodes: - gas, calomel, quinhydrone electrode. Fuel cell. Solar cell. Li ion battery and EV battery

Part-B

Unit- 2 Spectroscopic techniques and applications:

UV-Visible spectroscopy: Instrumentation (flow diagram only of single and double beam spectrophotometer and its working) , principle( electronic transitions) , auxochrome, chromophore, effect of presence of auxochrome on chromophore, bathochromic shift & hypsochromic shift (explanation by using the concept of auxochrome), hyperchromic shift , hypsochromic shift , applications of UV-VIS spectroscopy (detection of functional group, distinction between conjugated and non-conjugated dienes, detection of unknown concentration, detection of molecular weight , Fluorescence , phosphorescence and isobestic points).

IR spectroscopy: IR range, fingerprint and functional group region, Instrumentation (flow diagram only of single and double beam spectrophotometer and difference between these), principle (vibrations in diatomic and polyatomic molecules), Hook’s law & applications of IR spectroscopy (Peak positions of some common functional groups of organic molecules, detec on of conjugation & electronic effect).

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy: Introduction (magnetic nucleus, processional frequency, equivalent and non-equivalent protons), principle and instrumentation, discussion of 1HNMR of simple organic molecules (ethane, ethyl chloride and phenol) & applications of 1HNMR. (detec on of aromaticity, detection of cis and trans isomers, detection of structural isomers and detection of electronegative atom).

Important engineering materials:

Polymers: - Introduction (nomenclature, functionality, type of polymerization: addition, condensation and copolymerization). Type of polymers: -thermoplastic resins (cellulosederivatives only), thermosetting resins (detail of phenolic Resin), inorganic (one example each of polyphosphazines, sulphur based polymer & silicones.) & conducting polymer. Effect of the polymer structure on its properties. Effect of heat on the polymers. The mechanical properties of polymer. Polymer blends and alloys. Engineering plastics. Nanomaterials- fullerenes and inorganic nanoparticles. Fullerenes: -Introduction, hydrated fullerenes, fullerite, type of fullerene (buckyball, nanotubes and graphene), application of fullerenes. Nanoparticles – Introduction and properties. Optical materials (OLED).